Friday, August 30, 2024

51 of 100: Incwadi, or Zulu love letters

I ran across this in a book I'm working on about the neck: Zulu love letters, aka incwadi—small beadwork creations, talismans from a girl to her sweetheart, which are fashioned into a sort of necklace. Here's what the books says:

The early stages of courtship commonly begins when a girl offers a prospective boyfriend a simple string of white beads, an ucu. By wearing the ucu around his neck, the boy accepts her overture. The girl might then send a sequence of small pendant panels, incwadi, that are usually about 2–4 centimeters square. . . . These beaded love-letters communicate . . . messages, encoded in an array of designs and colors. For example, an upward-pointing triangle signifies an unmarried woman, and a downward-pointing triangle means an unmarried man. Two triangles joined to form a diamond is a married woman, while two triangles touching at their points in an hourglass shape is a married man. Each color expresses two emotions, either positive or negative. For instance, red can mean desire or anger, blue can mean fidelity or hostility, green can mean contentment or discord. Color combinations commonly indicate where someone lives.
Here are a few examples:



And the color language works like this, at least according to the website Earth Africa:

WHITE: a symbol of hope, purity, cleanliness, and true love.
BLACK: grief, loneliness, my heart has turned as black as the rafters in the hut as I hear you have another maiden.
YELLOW: wealth (or lack of) if we marry I will be hungry as you own no bull to slaughter.
GREEN: lovesickness, jealousy, I have become as thin as a blade of grass from pining for you.
BLUE: faithfulness, if I were a dove I would fly through blue skies to reach you.
TURQUOISE: impatience, I am losing hope that you will marry me.
RED: intense love, longing, my heart bleeds with love for you.
PINK: abject poverty, if you keep on gambling and wasting money, you will never save enough for my Lobola (dowry paid in cattle).
BROWN: my love is like the earth that gives rise to new life.
STRIPED BEADS: doubt, accusations, two-timing. You are like the Ntothoviyane (striped grasshopper) springing from bush to bush.

When I search for pictures of anyone actually wearing such a necklace, I come up with nothing. Perhaps it's a vanished practice. Perhaps it's just about the beading anymore, and the "love letter" aspect is no longer in play. Like, this necklace, which is pretty—a nice design—but if the above list is remotely accurate, I'd say it conveys a confusing message:

I wonder if this is still a thing. It seems like a lovely custom. Especially the fact that it's the girl who woos the boy.


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